Holyrood, made browsable

Hansard

Every contribution to the Official Report — chamber and committee — searchable in one place. Pulled from data.parliament.scot, indexed for full-text search, linked through to every MSP.

129
Current MSPs
415
MSPs ever elected
14
Parties on record
2,096,228
Hansard contributions
1999–2026
Coverage span
Official Report

Search Hansard contributions

Showing 60 of 2,096,228 contributions. Latest 30 days: 3,758. Coverage: 12 May 1999 — 11 Jun 2026.
Ben Macpherson SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
As Willie Rennie referred to, the report by Professor Sir Ian Boyd will be shared publicly, alongside SRUC’s response, after its board meeting later this month. As Willie Rennie will do, the Government and I will consider that report carefully. I look forward to engaging with ...
Willie Rennie (Fife North East) (LD) LD Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
The minister will know that Professor Sir Ian Boyd has been commissioned by the board of SRUC to produce a report into the future of the institution in north-east Fife and Cupar for the longer term—a vision that has been long awaited. That report has now been handed over to th...
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
I will take a supplementary question from Willie Rennie.
Ben Macpherson SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
I thank Michelle Campbell for her kind words, and I welcome her to the chamber. I would simply emphasise that she raises important points that are relevant both to the two colleges that she mentioned, which are either in her constituency or serve her constituents, and to SRUC,...
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
That is a little bit off the main question. Minister, do you wish to respond?
Michelle Campbell (Renfrewshire North and Cardonald) (SNP) SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
First and foremost, I thank the minister for his dedication to this area. I am glad to see him return as the minister.The sustainability of Scotland’s college sector is vital in strengthening our skilled workforce and supporting our young people into positive destinations. I h...
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
I will take a supplementary question from Michelle Campbell.
Ben Macpherson SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
I refer to my first answer, but I recognise the importance of the Elmwood campus and that consideration of its future is relevant to skills provision, which was raised by the member, and the local community. If the member wants to write to me with feedback from their engagemen...
Julie MacDougall Reform Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
I have recently met farmers across the region who are seriously concerned about the lack of available opportunities for the next generation of skilled rural workers. Courses covering horticulture, animal care and green-keeping were unique local offerings at Elmwood. If Elmwood...
The Minister for Innovation, Technology and Tertiary Education (Ben Macpherson) SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
I thank Julie MacDougall for raising this important issue. Although SRUC is an autonomous institution with responsibility for its own decisions in relation to provision and facilities at Elmwood, I would expect it to take into account the needs of students, staff and the wider...
Julie MacDougall (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Reform) Reform Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Scotland’s Rural College (Elmwood Campus)
To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update regarding the future of the Elmwood campus of Scotland’s Rural College in Cupar. (S7O-00052)
Angela Constance SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · NHS Tayside (Recruitment Freeze)
We are committed to building on progress. There is always more to do. Since July last year, long waits have fallen significantly, with new out-patient waits of more than a year down by 76 per cent and in-patient day-case waits of more than a year down by almost half. That has ...
Heather Anderson (Dundee City West) (SNP) SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · NHS Tayside (Recruitment Freeze)
I thank Mr Marra for his interest in waiting times across NHS Tayside, and I share some of his concerns. However, I am very conscious that the Scottish National Party Government has achieved month-on-month reductions in waiting times for 11 months in a row. I would appreciate ...
Angela Constance SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · NHS Tayside (Recruitment Freeze)
I very much appreciate Mr Marra’s concern, even if I nonetheless believe that it is somewhat misplaced. He might be relieved to know that NHS Tayside is making very clear progress in specialties including gynaecology, for example, where the number of people waiting has reduced...
Michael Marra Lab Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · NHS Tayside (Recruitment Freeze)
I find deeply disappointing the idea that the Government does not have any position on a recruitment freeze in NHS Tayside for critical posts involved in care. The cabinet secretary should know that there are significant delays—for instance, in gynaecological care and women’s ...
The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Care (Angela Constance) SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · NHS Tayside (Recruitment Freeze)
The Scottish Government leads on the co-ordination of national activity designed to grow and retain the national health service workforce in line with service need. Decisions on the staffing of individual services are matters for health boards, which should ensure that they ha...
Michael Marra (North East Scotland) (Lab) Lab Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · NHS Tayside (Recruitment Freeze)
To ask the Scottish Government what assessment it has made of any impact of NHS Tayside’s recruitment freeze on patient care and waiting times across Dundee and the wider Tayside region. (S7O-00051)
Ben Macpherson SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Barra and Vatersay Community Campus
I underlined our commitment in my first answer: we are working closely with partners, as the majority funder, and we will consider the business case through a robust assurance and approval process once it is submitted.Let us not look back—let us look forward and work together....
Donald MacKinnon Lab Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Barra and Vatersay Community Campus
I plan to be in Barra tomorrow. Can the minister give me a timeline for the delivery of the long-promised campus project so that I can give my constituents in Barra the reassurance that it will finally become a reality?
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Barra and Vatersay Community Campus
Please ask a question.
Donald MacKinnon Lab Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Barra and Vatersay Community Campus
Although I welcome the minister’s commitment to the project, it is now 20 years since it was acknowledged that St Brendan’s hospital was in need of replacement. The people of Barra and Vatersay have had to deal with repeated false starts, delays and broken promises in that tim...
The Minister for Innovation, Technology and Tertiary Education (Ben Macpherson) SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Barra and Vatersay Community Campus
I welcome Donald MacKinnon to the chamber. I look forward to working constructively with him and I pay tribute to his predecessor, Alasdair Allan.In answer to his important question, the Barra and Vatersay community campus project was included in our programme for government, ...
Donald MacKinnon (Na h-Eileanan an Iar) (Lab) Lab Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Barra and Vatersay Community Campus
To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on the current status of the Barra and Vatersay community campus project. (S7O-00050)
Angela Constance SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Patient Waiting Times (Moray)
Orthopaedics remains a priority as we continue to focus on the reduction of long waits, which means that in-patient and day-case waits of more than 52 weeks have reduced by almost half. We are also increasing orthopaedics capacity through our national treatment centres, includ...
Laura Mitchell SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Patient Waiting Times (Moray)
I recognise the progress that has been made in recent months to tackle the longest waits for secondary-care patients. However, I have been contacted by several constituents who continue to face lengthy waiting times for orthopaedic surgery. Will the Scottish Government set out...
The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Care (Angela Constance) SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Patient Waiting Times (Moray)
My commitment to tackle long waits is unwavering. To date this year, we have invested an additional £100 million to increase capacity and support boards, including NHS Grampian, to build on the progress that we have made in reducing long waits. We have made real and sustained ...
Laura Mitchell (Moray) (SNP) SNP Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time · Patient Waiting Times (Moray)
To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to reduce waiting times for patients in Moray. (S7O-00049)
The Presiding Officer (Kenneth Gibson) NPA Chamber
11 Jun 2026
General Question Time
The first item of business is general question time. In order to get in as many people as possible, I would prefer short and succinct questions and answers to match.
The Deputy Presiding Officer (Clare Adamson) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
Thank you, cabinet secretary. That concludes the debate, and—this is my first time saying this—I close this meeting.Meeting closed at 18:45.
Màiri McAllan SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
It is right to say that, with any kind of disruption—even when Glasgow’s streets are being showcased in international film and TV—we must be considerate of businesses. I am always interested in hearing about ways in which we can do that better.However, there is another angle t...
Paul Sweeney (Glasgow) (Lab) Lab Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I very much share the sentiments of the cabinet secretary and, indeed, all members who have spoken in the debate. However, I want to sound a note of caution in relation to the frequent closure of streets in Glasgow. We know that Glasgow is a very Atlantic-oriented city that of...
The Cabinet Secretary for Education, Culture and Gaelic (Màiri McAllan) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I thank and congratulate Alyn Smith for securing this member’s business debate, and I also thank members for their speeches. As Stephen Kerr has just reflected, this debate has been positive, and it has given all members—including me, as the new Cabinet Secretary for Education...
Stephen Kerr Con Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I thought that he gave a very good speech. I think that we are aligned on the idea about brass nameplates. It is important that we extract investment into Scotland. We both live in a place that is benefiting from inward investment and the exciting future that Stirling has in t...
Alyn Smith SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
Such as it is. Laughter.
Stephen Kerr (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Con) Con Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I enjoyed the debate and all the speeches; what a contrast from the previous couple of hours. I congratulate Alyn Smith on securing the motion for his first members’ business debate. I hope that this does not destroy his credibility with his colleagues—
Jenni Minto (Argyll and Bute) (SNP) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
Meal do naidheachd—congratulations—to my colleague Alyn Smith on securing this members’ business debate on the importance of the screen industry in Scotland.As members will know, I believe that my constituency is Scotland’s most beautiful, because of its land and seascape and ...
Liam Kerr (North East Scotland) (Con) Con Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I congratulate Alyn Smith on securing the debate. I am pleased to speak in support of the motion and to recognise the work of Screen Scotland and the wider screen sector, particularly in creating opportunities for new talent. The fact that, 31 years ago, its closest predecesso...
Q Manivannan Green Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I should say that that filming is happening during recess, so I will let the programme makers know that I am available if they need me. My office will be in touch. I have also been informed that I have a passing resemblance, when the right lighting hits me, to Ben Whishaw and ...
The Minister for Innovation, Technology and Tertiary Education (Ben Macpherson) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
Considering the points that Q Manivannan has made, will they also share my praise for the programme and celebrate the fact that a second series of “Dept Q” is being filmed on the north-eastern side of Edinburgh, which is creating opportunities and showcasing more of Scotland t...
Q Manivannan (Edinburgh and Lothians East) (Green) Green Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I thank Alyn Smith for securing this debate. I shall begin with a wee bit of a disclosure. I have been informed of a television show called “Dept Q”, which was filmed in and is set in Edinburgh, but it has nothing to do with my office. I was not consulted or invited to auditio...
David Torrance (Kirkcaldy) (SNP) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I thank Alyn Smith for securing this debate. The motion recognises something that is truly worth celebrating—Scotland’s screen sector is growing and it is doing so in places that we might not expect, such as Kirkcaldy and across Fife, where creative ambition, technical skill a...
Michael Marra Lab Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I absolutely agree with Mr Melville, and he is right to highlight the cinema in Arbroath. I also point to the independent cinema in Montrose, which is supported by the local port authority on a sponsorship model; it helps to provide the facilities through the funding that it g...
Lloyd Melville (Angus South) (SNP) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
Mr Marra and I represent the north-east of Scotland, so we also represent the Chalmers cinema in Arbroath. Does he agree that it is incumbent on all of us who want Scotland's screen sector to progress to support independent cinemas by watching films there as often as possible?
Michael Marra (North East Scotland) (Lab) Lab Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I thank Alyn Smith for bringing the debate to the chamber; it is very welcome. As he outlined, the screen sector is very important for the whole of Scotland, and he rightly highlighted his own constituency’s particular assets in that respect.The sector makes a significant cont...
Alyn Smith (Stirling) (SNP) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
I am delighted to lead my first members’ business debate in the chamber on a subject of great importance not just to Stirling, but to Scotland and, indeed, to all of our constituencies and constituents. It is a success story, and something for us to celebrate, because we are a...
The Deputy Presiding Officer (Clare Adamson) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Screen Sector
The final item of business is a members’ business debate on motion S7M-00188, in the name of Alyn Smith, on growing Scotland’s screen sector. The debate will be concluded without any question being put.I call Alyn Smith to open the debate.Motion debated,That the Parliament wel...
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
That concludes decision time.
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
The result of the division on motion S7M-00294, in the name of Anas Sarwar, on an inquiry to restore public trust in Scottish politics, as amended, is: For 71, Against 50, Abstentions 0.Motion, as amended, agreed to,That the Parliament believes there is a need to restore publi...
Speaker unknown Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
ForAdam, George (Paisley) (SNP)Adam, Karen (Banffshire and Buchan Coast) (SNP)Adamson, Clare (Motherwell and Wishaw) (SNP)Ahmed, Irshad (Edinburgh and Lothians East) (Lab)Anderson, Heather (Dundee City West) (SNP)Arthur, Tom (Renfrewshire West and Levern Valley) (SNP)Barratt, ...
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
Your vote has been recorded.
Joe Long (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Lab) Lab Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
On a point of order, Presiding Officer. I was unable to vote. I would have voted no.
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
Your vote has been recorded.
The Deputy First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government (Jenny Gilruth) SNP Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
On a point of order, Presiding Officer. My app would not connect. I would have voted yes.
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
There will be a division.The vote is closed.
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
The final question is, that motion S7M-00294, in the name of Anas Sarwar, on an inquiry to restore public trust in Scottish politics, as amended, be agreed to. Are we agreed?Members: No.
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
The result of the division on amendment S7M-00294.3, in the name of Russell Findlay, is: For 53, Against 70, Abstentions 0.Amendment disagreed to.
Speaker unknown Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
ForAhmed, Irshad (Edinburgh and Lothians East) (Lab)Baillie, Jackie (Dumbarton) (Lab)Baker, Claire (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Lab)Bannerman, Max (Highlands and Islands) (Reform)Baxter, Andrew (Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch) (LD)Beresford, Senga (South Scotland) (Reform)Bibby, Neil...
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
There will be a division.
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
The next question is, that amendment S7M-00294.3, in the name of Russell Findlay, which seeks to amend motion S7M-00294, in the name of Anas Sarwar, on an inquiry to restore public trust in Scottish politics, be agreed to. Are we agreed?Members: No.
The Presiding Officer NPA Chamber
10 Jun 2026
Decision Time
The result of the division on amendment S7M-00294.2, in the name of Ross Greer, is: For 70, Against 53, Abstentions 0.Amendment agreed to.
← Back to list
Chamber

Meeting of the Parliament (Hybrid) 17 November 2021

17 Nov 2021 · S6 · Meeting of the Parliament
Item of business
Medical Students (Funded Places)
Doris, Bob SNP Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn Watch on SPTV

Presiding Officer,

“We need a recruitment and retention strategy with real teeth because it is evident the one in place by Labour ministers is totally ineffective and is putting our NHS at breaking point.”

That was said by a Conservative member of the Senedd in Wales. I do not believe the statement, and nor is it true of the NHS in Scotland. I could also make a point about the vacancy rate for nurses and midwives in Scotland, which is 7.1 per cent. That is not good enough and it is a significant issue, but the rate is 10.3 per cent in England. That is not to remotely pass the buck in relation to the significant and major issues in Scotland, but they should be placed in context.

I agree with many of the matters that Jackie Baillie raised. I absolutely agree that pressures on staffing existed before the pandemic, but that was not just in Scotland but across the UK. That can be true at the same time as we have record levels of investment in the NHS by the Scottish Government and record staffing numbers, with numbers up by 21 per cent over the SNP’s time in office. Action was being taken to tackle the pressures prior to the pandemic, with the expansion of medical, nursing and midwifery training places, as well as an increase in levels of postgraduate specialist medical training.

As part of the NHS recovery plan, there is a commitment to grow the number of undergraduate medical training places by 100 per annum over this session of the Parliament, as well as an ambitious plan to double the numbers of people training from the poorest backgrounds.

That puts into perspective the calls from the Conservatives to remove the cap on funded training places. Action has already been taken—the action of a costed plan to increase those places. However, I would welcome additional information from the Scottish Government on the creation of a national centre for workforce supply and what its relationship will be with more general workforce planning—there surely must be a connection—including in ensuring a sufficient supply of places at medical schools and across other disciplines. Those things have to talk to each other, because that is important.

By the end of this year, the Scottish Government will publish a national workforce strategy that supports the delivery of its Covid recovery plan with more details and key workforce targets. Will the national centre for workforce supply feed continuously into any revisions of those targets? Will the strategy have specific targets on recruitment and retention that we can monitor? Will it feed into the assumptions on training places over the years? It is right that all that should be scrutinised.

I return to Jackie Baillie’s amendment, which references various important matters other than training places, such as recruitment and retention of staff across the NHS, as well as the idea of targeting potential NHS returners. I agree with that absolutely. I contend that much of that work is already happening but it is right that we do more where we can and monitor its success.

I wanted to say more but, in the time that I have left, I will talk about people who are already qualified to work in our NHS. I refer to people such as the nurses whom I met at an event in the Parliament a few weeks ago who were trained in Scotland but are not allowed to work in the NHS because of their asylum status. That is scandalous, against their human rights and an act of self-harm against Scotland and its NHS. Someone who is about to graduate in another medical discipline—they are not a medic and I do not want to mention their discipline—contacted me the other day to say that, because of their asylum status, they will not be able to take up paid employment in the NHS.

There are things that we can do in the Parliament to improve the situation, but surely to goodness there are also things that we can do in the UK to allow everyone who is qualified to work in our NHS to take up employment and do so.

17:27  

In the same item of business

The Presiding Officer (Alison Johnstone) NPA
The next of business is a debate on motion S6M-02139, in the name of Sandesh Gulhane, on removing the cap on funded places for front-line medical students. I...
Sandesh Gulhane (Glasgow) (Con) Con
Imagine a scenario in which a country’s health service is in crisis, struggling to deliver timely care after years of failed workforce planning. Imagine that...
The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care (Humza Yousaf) SNP
Will the member take an intervention?
Sandesh Gulhane Con
I am sorry; I am a bit tight for time. It is important that we listen to the professional organisations that exist to protect patients and improve education...
The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care (Humza Yousaf) SNP
Sandesh Gulhane’s motion asks us to remove the controlled intake cap on funded training places for students from Scotland studying for front-line NHS roles. ...
Liz Smith (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Con) Con
Does the cabinet secretary acknowledge that almost every medic we speak to says that there is a shortage of doctors, with one of the reasons for that being t...
Humza Yousaf SNP
I agree that we need to increase the number of medical graduates and, in turn, doctors. That is why our manifesto committed to increasing the number of medic...
Jackie Baillie (Dumbarton) (Lab) Lab
I have much sympathy with the intention that underlies the Conservative motion, so we will support it at decision time, but I am genuinely concerned about th...
Emma Harper (South Scotland) (SNP) SNP
Will the member take an intervention?
Jackie Baillie Lab
I am afraid that I do not have time. Let us also ensure that a long-term pay deal is in place that addresses low pay in the health and social care sector to...
Alex Cole-Hamilton (Edinburgh Western) (LD) LD
I thank Dr Sandesh Gulhane for securing time for this important debate. It is dispiriting that, once again, it is Opposition time that has been given over to...
Meghan Gallacher (Central Scotland) (Con) Con
We have all witnessed the impact that a front-line medical staff shortage has had on our NHS. Shortages put pressure on our heroic NHS staff, who work tirele...
Paul McLennan (East Lothian) (SNP) SNP
I am grateful for the opportunity to speak in the debate. It is important that we set the context for the debate. Staffing levels in NHS Scotland are at an a...
Carol Mochan (South Scotland) (Lab) Lab
For me and most of my constituents, this is a simple issue. It is about doing what is right to help an NHS that is struggling to keep its head above water an...
Humza Yousaf SNP
Will the member take an intervention?
The Presiding Officer NPA
Very briefly; the member is closing.
Humza Yousaf SNP
Can the member tell me briefly how much a wage of £15 an hour for social care workers would cost and where in the health budget she would take the money from?
Carol Mochan Lab
This is what the Government does time and again. It tries to move the debate away from what we know will solve many of those problems. The trade unions tell ...
The Presiding Officer NPA
Thank you, Ms Mochan.
Carol Mochan Lab
It starts with pay, wellbeing measures and workforce planning, not spin. 17:11
Kaukab Stewart (Glasgow Kelvin) (SNP) SNP
Standing in the Scottish Parliament, we are fortunate that we get to experience visceral reminders of the rich history of our country. Since the 18th century...
Carol Mochan Lab
Does the member acknowledge that there were staffing problems before Covid and that it is not just Covid that has caused those problems?
Kaukab Stewart SNP
I acknowledge that having free tuition in this country is the best way of widening that access and addressing any shortfalls in staffing, which we are making...
Sue Webber (Lothian) (Con) Con
Our NHS is under pressure like never before, and it is increasingly clear that the SNP has no positive ideas for how to turn things around. All that it offer...
Gillian Mackay (Central Scotland) (Green) Green
The pandemic has been an extremely difficult time for all those who are learning and working in the NHS, and I, too, express my sincere thanks to them for th...
Bob Doris (Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn) (SNP) SNP
Presiding Officer, “We need a recruitment and retention strategy with real teeth because it is evident the one in place by Labour ministers is totally ineff...
Michael Marra (North East Scotland) (Lab) Lab
As has been said throughout the debate, although the chronic shortages of staff in our NHS have been exacerbated by the pandemic, they were not caused by it....
Humza Yousaf SNP
I was not glum.
Michael Marra Lab
The photo that I saw was pretty glum. It was not only the risible figure of £7 million that attracted ridicule but, crucially, the fact that there are no GP...
Humza Yousaf SNP
Will the member take an intervention?